Generally discussed herein are systems and apparatuses that include an extended TSBA ball and techniques for making the same. The covering typically includes a central fabric layer, such as a woven high density polyethylene fabric surrounded by structures having layers of alternating metal containing foils and puncture resistant polymers. The controlled irrigation system further can include at least one time domain reflectometry sensor located in the soil and communicably coupled to the control device for measuring soil moisture where the control device determines whether to irrigate the soil based on data from the at least one TDRS. The diffusion section includes a first plurality of lobes diverging longitudinally and laterally from the metering section on a first side of a centerline axis of the cooling hole and a second plurality of lobes diverging longitudinally and laterally from the metering section on a second side of the centerline axis. The resulting displacement information can be used to correctly place other optical beams on the subject. The panel may include multiple opposed sheet members with a spacer between the sheet members spacing them apart, and a reactive thermoplastic sealant material bonding the sheets to the frame members.