A neuronal phase-locked loop that can decode temporally-encoded information and convert it to a rate code is based on an algorithm similar to that of the electronic PLL, but is a stochastic device, implemented by neural networks. The apparatuses include a Farrow phase shifter for shifting the phase of signals in the transmit path, a fractionally spaced equalizer capable of equalization and signal decimation in the receive path, a primary echo sub-canceler and a post equalizer echo canceler for canceling echoes on the receive path, and a phase locked loop and adddelete register for controlling the sampling rate of a CODEC. At least a part of the apparatus that during use of the apparatus is exposed to radiation is coated with a coating. Accordingly, weight and cost can be reduced when compared with a conventional tricycle having two shock absorbers, one provided for each of the left and right suspension arms. These chemical entities are useful for treating disorders, particularly cell proliferation disorders, including cancers.