This disclosure is directed to software modification that may be used to prevent software piracy and prevent unauthorized modification of applications. plantarum PM-A0087 deposited as NRRL accession number B-50523, Bifidobacterium longum PM-A0101 deposited as NRRL accession number B-50525, and Bifidobacterium bifidum PM-A0218 deposited as NRRL accession number B-50524. 0 eV to open contact holes to expose the capacitor structure and thereby avoid degradation of the device characteristics. The shopping ticker can include advertisements, links to e-commerce opportunities, product information, or other information that may be potentially useful to help initiate a transaction with the viewer, including context-sensitive shopping information that is related to the subject matter of the television program.