An energy-absorbing system includes a tube made of a continuous material, such as heat-treatable steel. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. A supply flow path and an exhaust flow path are provided at ends of each of the battery accommodation section. The QoS manager is further adapted to configure the correspondent and remote nodes for a desired in-band QoS based on the QoS policy and respective device capabilities.