Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The computer enclosure is removable and covers a computer frame. A first determination unit determines whether contrast in a block is less than a predetermined contrast for each of the blocks. Deposition of silicon containing dielectrics comprises silane-based chemistry for deposition of doped or undoped dielectric layers, and surface treatment of deposited dielectric layers with silane.