1459908766-3741cd04-b627-47eb-a5e2-a8bd7201bcf2

Methods for reducing the contact resistance presented by the interface between a silicide and a doped silicon region are presented. A drug layer lies either between the liner film layer and the containment layer or within a concave depression in the containment layer. to produce a hydrogen-rich gas, such as a hydrogen-rich syngas. The apparatus is also comprised of a thermal insulation shell disposed about a portion of the cryoneedle for reduction of heat transfer from surrounding tissues or freezing prevention of surrounding tissues during application of the cryoneedle with the shell. At least about 5% of the heat from the secondary combustion zone is removed.