Systems, devices, and methods for continuous-time digital signal processing and signal representation are disclosed. The method includes identifying a tension in the continuous web and adjusting the tension in response to the amount of ink being deposited on the recording media. The slider is bistable in two alignment positions, one for each lens. The power laminate may include one or more power planes and one or more reference planes, with each pair of powerreference planes separated by a dielectric layer. The signal processing circuitry operates in response to the detector output signals to generate an alignment value indicating a polarity and a magnitude of misalignment between the detector and the scale in the alignment direction.