Apparatus and methods for determining a desired charge density for an engine having an inlet air pathway. The oxide semiconductor electrode comprises a conductive substrate and an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the conductive substrate. The temporary storage accommodations may be units having a generally circular lading envelope, and an hexagonal optimal packing density. The inner and outer frame assemblies each have a hinge pivotably engagable with each other. There is one space-time transmit diversity encoded substream for each one of two transmit antennas. In the computing mode, the application processor is the master processor.