A nonvolatile memory device includes a semiconductor substrate, a device isolation film, a tunnel insulation film, a plurality of floating gates, an inter-gate dielectric film, and a control gate pattern. Methods described herein exhibit enhanced activity and stereoselectivity, relative to known methods, and are useful in the synthesis of a large assortment of biologically and therapeutically significant agents. If the user accepts the offer, the customer service system processes the query offline, including providing the query to a natural language understanding interpreter. Subsequent to transmitting the notice, a request for the billing information may be received by the bill presentment service provider system via the second protocol.