A ticket making apparatus includes a feed mechanism and a perforating assembly set within a housing that has an opening through which tickets are dispensed. Each display unit forms an equivalent capacitor and includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a driving circuit that exerts voltage pulses to the display units to form wall charges on the surfaces of the two electrodes or to reduce the wall charges that have been formed. A second motor generator is drivingly connected to a flywheel by a planetary gear system. Each encoder instance is associated with a processing core; and the core controller uses the buffer data to associate each decoder instance with a processing core. The method includes the steps of providing a wafer having a body and at least a membrane layer and a backside layer disposed on opposite faces of the body, forming a grating pattern on a surface of the membrane layer, and forming a window through the wafer to expose a back surface of the membrane, thereby allowing light to pass through the membrane.