When forming a test chart for investigating output characteristic relating to yellow color agent, a printer outputs yellow color agent in a plurality of densities that correspond to various density levels and also outputs cyan color agent in a fixed and maximum density. A system according to embodiments of the present invention multiple encrypts only a portion of the data required for full presentation of a television program to permit coexistence of multiple conditional access encryption systems associated with multiple manufacturer’s set-top boxes within a single system. The metadata can be created when a virtual desktop infrastructure creates the virtual disk, and a virtual machine template that includes the at least one virtual disk. A branch switching lever or flapper 19 is located at the branching position A. The apparatus further includes a final clean speech estimation module for receiving the second estimation of clean speech from the MMSE estimation module and the estimated noise from the noise estimation module, and obtaining a final Wiener filter gain therefrom to output a final estimation of clean speech by applying the final Wiener filter gain. The protruding head further has a minimum width that is greater than the maximum diameter of the shank.