1459925467-33af353d-f69b-483b-9dad-8cf435d6d67d

An extrusion-free wet cleaning process for post-etch Cu-dual damascene structures is developed. An etcher equipped with an etching chamber, a wafer holder, a TCP source and a TCP window is provided. An output end of each of the laser channels is provided with a gate that can be controlled through bias application. The skin layer includes a resin composition containing a first thermoplastic resin and an inorganic filler.