In a lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, the electrical resistivity of the mixture of a positive electrode active material, an electrically conductive member, and a binder is 0. Removing the first support layer forming a pre-laminated receiver stock. For a given direction, the discrepancy corresponds to a sum of differences of opposing edge pixels oriented along the direction. When the main channel is potentially faulty, the application logic is arranged to monitor the main channel to determine an error condition and send a message by replacing data reserved for control purposes in order to communicate the error condition as sub-channel data. Alternatively, the flammable gas detector may signal the smoke detectors in the dwelling to sound an audible flammable gas warning directly.