Systems and methods of the present invention measure at least one reflecting surface of an object disposed along an optical path. The first memory level includes a first plurality of substantially parallel, substantially coplanar conductors extending in a first direction, a second plurality of substantially parallel, substantially coplanar conductors extending in a second direction, the second direction different from the first direction, the second conductors above the first conductors, and a first plurality of devices. The resulting signal is received at the base part, which then enters a broadcast mode. The method then gathers records for flows, number of bytes, etc. The above high-frequency switch can be miniaturized and has superior performance. The storage controller comprises a logical format management module having bit map memory for managing progress information on format processing of a logical volume, and a lower layer module which accesses a physical disk according to the request of the management module.