Method and apparatus for peak-to-amplitude ratio reduction are described. Various configurations of light emitting semiconductor chips and heat sinks are disclosed, as well as various structures and methods for driving, controlling and using them. A clamping cup of a plasma arc passes surrounds the hole and contacts the upper surface of the upper sheet. The layer includes a first active material body, a first binder, and a first conductive body. Both ends of the cross member are fixed to a section between both the ends of the carriage rails. Parallel communications channels connect the PLD information outputs to respective LLD information inputs, and connect the LLD information outputs to respective PLD information inputs.