An apparatus for and a method of dummy writing in a data storage system. The insulating layer includes a trench. The driver outputs a driving signal, consistent with the timing signal, to the solid-state image pickup device included in an image pickup unit to read out signal charges. The wafer is cleaned wherein a portion of the seasoning layer is re-deposited upon the wafer over and between adjacent wafer conductive structures. In one embodiment, the value of the phrase is assigned via lexicon-based hierarchical decision trees. The cutting boards may be designated for use with specific classes of food products.