End-to-end packet losses of one or more traffic streams transmitted across a congested network may be reduced by modulating the bandwidths of the corresponding traffic streams applied to node of the network from one or more control points along the network topology. The shared register row includes a plurality of shared registers each corresponding to signals transmitted between the program-based and device-based circuit simulators. Carbon in the sample is oxidized to form carbon dioxide. An air circulating device is provided for circulating air, heated by the electrical appliance or by the air circulating device, to the thermally conductive portion of the external wall for removing heat from the air by thermally dissipating the heat into the cooler medium through said thermally conductive portion.