A fingerprint input apparatus includes an image sensor which responds to scattered light emanating from a finger. Headers in standardized or proprietary protocol communication between servers and a request management module andor clients and the request management module may be used to exchange server health and client information. The cloud statistics may include expected completion times for the identified operation and the identified data item with respect to each of the computing nodes. A capacitor is disposed to connect its both ends to a gate and a drain of the MOS transistor, while a resistor is disposed to connect its both ends to the gate and a source of the MOS transistor. Each receiver is configured to receive a data stream having a first clock rate, and detect changes in the data stream using a second clock rate.