In a message notification apparatus, message-type information defining one or more types of messages of which an operator is to be notified, and notification-manner information defining at least one manner in which the operator is to be notified of reception of each of the one or more types of messages are defined and stored. For example, a video encoder or decoder computes a motion vector predictor for a motion vector for a portion of an interlaced P-field, including selecting between using a same polarity or opposite polarity motion vector predictor for the portion. The event selector stores the provided event. Further, the compound can be applied alone, e. Multiple users are connected together into a local network, with the data exchange during the session between a central point, oriented to the multiple users, and the access server of the network server occurring via the data protocol containing the address identification for the respective desired data connection. The contact extends through the poly layer, and connects a metal one line to a diffusion line.