A first protocol layer, when acting as a receiving peer in a communication, paces data units to be released from a buffer to a second protocol layer lying above the first protocol layer. The length of the channel can be minimized by exposing light through the apertures in an exposure mask when forming the channel. Additionally, the system and method includes a routing summary in the routing update, the routing summary including an address prefix. The bandpass filter extracts a component in the same frequency band as that of an unnecessary radiant wave leaking out from the second amplifier during operation of the first amplifier. The machine readable code further includes an encryption module encrypting an electronic message with a second cryptographic key. The wavelength conversion material can be annealed by thermal annealing or radiation annealing to increase the wavelength conversion efficiency of the chips or to sinter the wavelength conversion material to form a ceramic material.