There is described herein the extension of the application of the Laplace Test Statistic for trend analysis and prediction of incipient faults for power systems. The bank has a transmissive portion and a non-transmissive portion. The shield includes a first shield and a second shield. The memristor is prepared by forming in either order the layer of the mixed-metal-valence phase and the layer of the fully oxidized phase, one on the other. The user moves the stylus around the selected area to view other parts of the map.