The invention provides methods and compositions for combinatorially decoding arrays. A first point on the spanning tree having a lowest stress and a second point on the spanning tree having a highest stress are located. In cases where the sensor has multiple sensor elements, the capacitance values for each sensor element are differenced, absolute-valued and summed to form an output in which common-mode effects due to sensor moisture, temperature and sensor aging are canceled out. The rotating slide-type mobile communication terminal further includes a coupling means, which couples the bosses of the slider to the guide rails of the main body. Duplicated broadcast message transmissions, and competition and collision among the nodes to obtain transmission media, are reduced by transmitting the broadcast message using a minimum number of nodes in a mobile ad-hoc network including nodes having limited resources. From the energy measurement data, a probability distribution of the energy is calculated.