Methods and apparatus for managing execution of an application according to an application lifecycle. The first structure may be a generally elongated optical pipe adapted to receive light from at least one light source such as a light emitting diode. A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure generating chamber communicating with a nozzle aperture, and the piezoelectric element. The memory controller includes an address management table generator for reading distributed management information used for managing a state of at least one physical block included in the destination address range specified by the address range specifying information during initialization, and to generate the address management table based on the distributed management information. Mechanisms for updating loop parameters, as well as exemplary instruction formats are also described.