Methods and compositions for improved ruminant diets are disclosed. This design makes it possible for the medium to enter without any cross-sectional constrictions into the two swirl chambers and to exit with a different swirl in opposite directions. The gate electrodes of the four transistor units are aligned to four sides of a square. The reversing bend is located longitudinally between the intermediate catheter outlet and the distal catheter end. The carry chain is used to distribute high fan-out signals by passing a high fan-out signal along the chain from carry-in terminal to carry-out terminal, and tapping the signal at the carry-out terminals for distribution to a large number of destinations. The sub-monolayer HF vapor process regime is defined in accordance with the invention to proceed under conditions wherein no more than about 95% of a monolayer of coverage of the substrate surface occurs.