A method and apparatus scan a plurality of scan groups in a capacitive sense array to generate signals corresponding to a mutual capacitance between the electrodes. In particular, the present invention provides indole derivatives ) and related compounds and methods of using indole derivatives and related compounds as therapeutic agents to treat a number of conditions, including those associated with viral infection and cardiovascular diseases. The TTL value of ring frame to be transferred through the bypass is set to a value obtained by adding the number of hops h to the faulty ring node to a common initial value A in the same two-fiber ring to enable detection of a characteristic TTL value at a bypassing ring node. Therefore, MPE is no longer caused in the non-volatile semiconductor memory device. The protein has an activity of synthesizing PGE2 from PGH2, and further, has an activity of synthesizing PGE2 from arachidonic acid in combination with COX.