In a method for forming, with the aid of an electron beam, a polyline on a substrate coated with a radiation-sensitive resist, the electron beam is directed onto a surface of the substrate in the direction of a Z coordinate, and the substrate is displaced relative to the electron beam in an X-Y plane in individual steps. In one embodiment, a method is provided for synthesizing a carbon structure including forming a plasma by subjecting a gas to electromagnetic radiation in the presence of a plasma catalyst and adding at least one carbonaceous material to the plasma to grow the carbon structures on a substrate. This results in increased reliability in alignment of the profiles during manufacturing processes and similarly results in increased smoothness and tactile feel for the consumer. The frame predictor is configured to produce an intermediate frame using at least one of the first and second frames, and the determined difference. A corresponding decryption technique is also disclosed.