1459977663-d58a90a2-dc1b-4d10-954a-bad58059a09d

A decision directed flicker noise canceller for reducing flicker noise in a modulated input signal according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a decision circuit, a conversion circuit, first and second adders and a filter. The optical amplifying apparatus comprises an optical fiber for amplification amplifying input light inputted together with pumping light from a pumping light source. Examples hereof are respectively guaiacol and vanillin.