An apparatus and method are provided for displaying a predicted image for rotocraft flight in consideration of data associated with a selected flight procedure and a current image. The substrate is comprised of diamond and has a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposed to each other. The recursive digitial filter has a first multiplying device multiplying symbols of the digital input signal by a first time-variable filter coefficient to obtain a digital output signal having symbols. A magnitude of a discontinuous component in a frequency domain belonging to the block boundary is adjusted based on a magnitude of a corresponding discontinuous component selected from a pixel contained entirely within a block adjacent the block boundary. Applications described include treatments for anemia, head injury, hemorrhage or hypovolemia, ischemia, cachexia, sickle cell crisis and stroke; enhancing cancer treatments; stimulating hematopoiesis; improving repair of physically damaged tissues; alleviating cardiogenic shock; and shock resuscitation. The cyclic peptides comprise a classical cadherin cell adhesion recognition sequence HAV.