Various electro-optical modulator module designs are presented, which can provide for uniform, symmetric, and efficient heat removal for mode-locking, Q-switching, andor cavity dumping operations. Brightness nonuniformity and abnormal lights-on errors are reduced in an image forming apparatus in which the electron-emitting devices are constituted into an electron. The GHV value is captured in a BIQ element representing each branch instruction selected for execution of a program. The system detects any objects other than any stationary car in the scene. A second silicon layer is then formed on the first silicon layer.