1459983401-b81b4f28-9f58-42ec-89b4-eef121f39d28

Systems and methods of incising a portion of a material include creating a sub-surface separation in a region of the material, and incising a periphery of the region with a pulsed laser beam to produce an edge of the portion. An emitting region of the antenna is exposed to a plurality of calibration standards each having a different complex impedance at the treatment frequency. A container is connected to the tank. 0 \u03bclml capable of inhibiting these organisms.