Systems and methods for multi-modal messaging that enable a user to compose, send and retrieve messages, such as SMS, MMS, IM or ordinary e-mail messages, for example, using one or more IO modalities. Particular compounds are of formula I:. A method is disclosed for displaying more than three colors using an LCD device having three color LEDs, in which the LED back illumination system sequentially illuminates the LC array with only a first single LED color, a simultaneous operation of first and second LED colors, and then only the second LED color. The first axle wrap includes a spring seat and the second axle wrap includes an arm body with a bushing receiver portion at one arm end. These improvements make elements in the document more distinguishable after its conversion to a monochrome format. 0 meqkg and aliphatic monocaboxylic acid under a specified condition in the absence of solvent and in the presence of an antioxidant.