1459986454-dc48e587-2b09-45a3-868e-edb8d36c0eef

Chain-letters within user-generated comments on a website are detected based on an inserted watermark. According to one embodiment, a firewall prevents unauthorized network-lawyer access to internal hosts by hosts of an external network by performing network address translation processing of Internet Protocol addresses. The infected removable segments are replaced with cleaned or sterilized removable segments.