A system and method for expansion and reduction of images in an image editing application uses the frequency of pixels values of an input image to determine respective energy values for each pixel of the image. In the cap a sealing washer made of a water-tight and gas-tight material is provided, which is arranged on the inside of the cap on the bottom of the cap and extends to the side wall of the cap, so that when the cap is screwed on to the container, the sealing washer is enclosed between the container edge and the bottom of the cap and the inside of the container has a water-tight seal. The wireless-communication device transmits images captured by the real-time video-capture device to a receiving facility via a communications network. Because the intermediary requests the claims and submits the claims for an access control decision, the network resource need not be configured to process claims information. In this way, when a backup operation is initiated, each application may provide to the common backup program instructions describing the specific components to be backed up. The phase modulator includes an n-type region having a proximity to a p-type region that causes a depletion region to form when a bias is not applied to the modulator.