A system for inventory management includes memory containing a cumulative demand value for each of a plurality of time windows within a planning horizon. In a color filter arrangement of the image sensor of the image obtaining unit, filters possessed by pixels arranged in a checkered manner in half of all the pixels have at least some spectral characteristics having a strong correlation with the spectral characteristic of luminance. A first imaginary plane contains the first and the second conductor. Thereby, light film-like materials are carried away from the heavy particles. An integrated capacitor may include a substrate, a first capacitor plate having four edges, and a second capacitor plate overhanging the four edges of the first capacitor plate and disposed over the first capacitor plate such that the first capacitor plate is disposed between the second capacitor plate and the substrate. Once the information is hidden, it can still be extracted without the original image from the generated image after a certain extent of fuzziness damage.