1460009082-29b58a5d-f461-453c-9350-10c0b61c6f75

This invention selectively synthesizes a cycloparaphenylene compound having 10, 11, or 13 benzene rings. Energy is clipped from at least one peak of a modulated signal. Shock-absorbent sleeves having at least one aperture may be inserted into the openings. The post-removal thickness may be determined subsequent to the removing of the portion of the first lateral extrusion.