A pipelined analog-to-digital converter that converts an analog input voltage signal Vin into a digital output value Dout. According to an aspect, a wireless identification tag includes a communication module configured to wirelessly transmit data in response to receipt of an instruction. If it does, the join index is added to the FROM clause of the query without removing the partially covered base tables and the WHERE clause of the query is modified by: mapping a query condition to the join index for its partially covered base tables; and adding a join back condition from the join index to a base table from which the join index was formed. In the semiconductor substrate of the composite substrate, an amorphous form containing silicon and a metal is present in the second region. The composite of the carbon nanotube and the metal-containing material is capable of effectively using characteristics of the carbon nanotube structure.