Aspects of this disclosure describe a multi-pass printer having a photoreceptor device mounted on an axis, a developer that is arranged adjacent to the photoreceptor device and is movable between a first position and a second position, and a camming mechanism mounted on the axis that acts upon the developer to urge the developer between the first and second positions. A simplified probed pad, having a reduced number of contacts may then be utilized to apply a substantially constant voltage or current to the devices. The graph processing module can operate on a layered graph produced by the Sugiyama algorithm or some other technique, reducing clutter in the layered graph and thus improving a user’s understanding of the layered graph. The portion subjected to a double exposure is set in a nonlinear manner within the sub-pixel. According to such a constitution, the efficiency of exciting the film to be treated is significantly promoted since electron excitation effect by the ultraviolet light irradiation is added to vibrational excitation effect by the infrared light irradiation and strain energy caused in the film to be treated by the lamp annealing process is removed or reduced by a furnace annealing process. The material is allowed to incubate for a period of time in which a biofilm forms upon the material.