A rolling foot-powered apparatus mounted for movement on rotatable rollers and including at least one upper movable assembly, a lower stationary assembly, and at least one motion-conversion mechanism or an alternatively retractable motion-conversion mechanism. The rectifier component includes a first current path formed by a first rectifying element, a second rectifying element, and a pump node coupled to the first and second rectifying elements. A bioreactor module can be connected to one or more functional modules such as a pump module, a stimulation signal generation module, a motor module, a mechanical transmission module, a gas exchange module, a temperature module, a humidity module andor a CO2 module, among others. In a preferred embodiment, the metal carbonate by-product is soluble and recycling includes a three step process.