An active electrode composition comprising an active electrode material and a binder where the binder comprises a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses. The controller method uses a device parameter measurement to update the tool offset and device offset. The fastening device includes a frame, a cam actuator pivotably mounted to a first side of the frame, and a metal clip pivotably mounted to a second side of the frame. Relationships for inter-region movement of reactants of the biochemical reactions are defined as flux, advection, convection, andor diffusion-based molecular movements.