A system includes at least one network device that allows users to establish peering connections between ports in different geographic locations via web-based interfaces. By completing calculations for all combinations of structure parameters at one wavelength before moving to the next wavelength, calculation efficiency can be greatly improved. Other embodiments and features further provide for a conventional light-emitting diode additionally mounted to the vehicle indicator. A functionally-graded intermediate layer or \u201cinterlayer\u201d enhances the erosive wear, toughness, and corrosion resistance of the die. The formation of scan chains may be further based on layout information of the circuit design.