The physical layer session resource broker according to the invention receives request from application servers which are translated into physical layer parameter values. The access points turn on independently from one another and thus have independent power draws. A pure degree of a Cu ball of the metallic powder is equal to or higher than 99. An image sensor may include a metal line formed on andor over an interlayer dielectric layer, and may include a top plug. Unlike previous polymer media, which tend to contain a substantially homogeneous dispersion of photoimageable system and matrix polymer, the matrix and photoimageable system of the invention are phase separated, yet still exhibit low light scattering such that useful holographic properties are possible.