The present application is directed to systems and methods for associating a geographic location with an IP address. A comparison of VIN with reference voltages in one or more flash-type analog-to-digital converters generates the digital output representing VIN. The first and second sides are each generally rounded. Intake valve lift is calculated by matching an effective flow capacity through at least one intake valve of the engine to the maximum cylinder demand. The wafers in the first and second subsets are consolidated following the performing of the first operation. The system includes one or more tactile alarms each connected to a different person and each configured to provide tactile stimulation to the person when one or more predetermined physical property falls outside a predetermined range.