Provided are resistive random access memory cells and methods of fabricating thereof. A volume of substrate material surrounding the area of interest is removed, thereby forming the specimen, including said area of interest and said initial conductive layer over the area of interest. More neighboring pixels are used for the interpolation than in usual interpolation methods. The effluent is pumped up to the geothermal field during off-peak periods of electric consumption, and the hydroelectric generation is accomplished during periods of peak electric demand. In one aspect, the plenoptic imaging process is modeled by a pupil image function, and a PIF inversion process is applied to the captured plenoptic image to produce a better resolution estimate of the object.