This invention pertains to the discovery of a novel family of thiolesters and uses thereof. The combined carabineer-hook can be used to clip together more than one item or the hook can be deployed, the carabineer portion can be clipped to one item, the hook can be engaged with a surface, and the item can then be hung off of the hook. Preferred embodiments of the present invention allow the rod scraper to be attached or removed without disassembling the complete hydraulic cylinder rod apparatus. When the card-type radio device is set in an information terminal device, the second housing is separated from the first housing, and the second housing is located at a position where the antenna has good transmissionreception sensitivity. Using these two data signals and combining the photo-resistant layers of different thickness or area will make each sub-pixel generate new level of brightness in gray scale and increase the number of displaying colors. A representative back-of-die, through-wafer guided-wave optical clock distribution system includes an integrated circuit device with a first cladding layer disposed on the back-side of the integrated circuit device, and an core layer disposed on the first cladding layer.