At the data programming time, data of a plurality of bits are transformed by a data transforming logic circuit into data according to the combination of the bits, and the transformed data are sequentially transferred to a latch circuit connected to the bit lines of a memory array. This is achieved without the use of chemicals or membranes. A delay adjustment circuit including a proportional phase comparator of low offset adjusts delay in the delay line. Constructing a solar array involves using commonplace, readily accessible materials, and construction equipment and methods with low-environmental-impact, all to produce an attractive, easy to construct environmentally friendly installation. The cooling of the hardening step shrinks the sheet steel into a groove formed in the circumference of the bushing.