Frequency translation and spread spectrum applications of same are described herein. The support rod is used to preload the support surface in a direction opposite of an expected transverse load upon the support surface. The comparator calculates a differential between first image data output by said imaging sensor and second image data output by the imaging sensor immediately after the first image data is output, and determines whether the differential is larger than a first threshold value. Preferably, each of the valves comprises one of the control channels and an elastomeric segment that is deflectable into or retractable from the main or branch flow channel upon which the valve operates in response to an actuation force applied to the control channel. The clockwork assembly is for rotating the arm members with respect to the face member for indicating the time of day. The networks are of different types.