An edgewise coil achieves positioning of both end portions and accurate and reliable conduction with respect to a circuit board in a simple configuration, and can be downsized. Each branch computing one bit of the digital code simultaneously according to its array index. The compensation mechanism may be a glass plate that is disposed in an optical path of a polarization component so that the optical path length of that polarization component can be made substantially equal to the optical path length of the other polarization component that traverses through a half-wave plate. The electronic component may be capable of electrically coupling with an external power source, portable storage media or another electronic device. The carbon concentration NC2 of the second gallium nitride semiconductor is less than 4\xd71016 cm\u22123. In certain examples, the assays and methods may be designed to determine whether or not two or more species can associate with each other.