A system comprises a refined psycho-acoustic modeler for efficient perceptive encoding compression of digital audio. The peripheral thermoelectric conversion element group is disposed in an area including peripheries of the first substrate and the second substrate, and the central thermoelectric conversion element group is disposed closer to a center of the first substrate and a center of the second substrate than the peripheral thermoelectric conversion element group. The object model provides a base class that is inherited by each object class. Waveguides having closed loop structures as well as linear or serpentine waveguides, are described.