Disclosed herein are compounds that form covalent bonds with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase. In the subject methods, a ribonucleic acid is contacted with a non-radioactively labeled ribonucleotide in the presence of a prokaryotic, usually bacterial, poly polymerase under conditions sufficient for covalent bonding of the labeled ribonucleotide to the 3 end of the ribonucleic acid to occur. In addition, max*, min**, or max** may also be employed when performing calculations that are required to perform decoding of signals coded using LDPC code.