Methods and apparatus are provided for a transparent and flexible pressure-sensing touch panel. The system includes a plurality of buyer computers for operation by a system participant desiring to obtain one or more parts, a plurality of seller computers for operation by a system participant desiring to sell one or more parts, and at least one server computer. The actuators may be throttle valves for heating a hydraulic line. Meanwhile, when to decrease voltage of the image signal for changing luminance, voltage at the first frame being set lower than a voltage value of gradation scale corresponding to a given luminance; and voltage at the second frame being set to a voltage value of gradation scale corresponding to the given luminance. The present invention provides methods of treating a subject suffering from obesity, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, or insulin resistance using ER stress reducers such as PBA, TUDCA, and TMAO. The enclosure of the switching device is formed at least by one lower shell and one upper shell, which are separated from one another by a horizontal separating joint.